Male Infertility

The most severe form of male infertility is called azoospermia. It refers to the complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Usually, sperms are produced by a male's testicles in the scrotum.

Hydrocele describes the presence of abnormal fluid buildup in the scrotum that covers the testicles and spermatic cord. Hydrocele arises from the contrast between fluid secretion and reabsorption.

Male infertility is described as a man's inability to make a fertile female conceive despite frequent sexual activity. Male infertility has received increased attention in recent years due to evidence of a drop in sperm quality.

Oligospermia is a male fertility issue characterized by a low sperm count. A healthy sperm amount is often necessary for fertility. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies sperm counts at or above 15 million sperm per milliliter (mL) of semen as average.

The skin pouch that houses the testicles is called the scrotum (testes). The testicles are where sperm and the testosterone hormones are produced. Behind each testicle, there is a coiled tube called the epididymis, where sperm develop.

The expansion of scrotal veins is known as a varicocele. It is similar to varicose veins in the legs. Though not all varicoceles impair sperm production, they significantly contribute in reduced sperm production and decreased sperm motility, resulting in infertility.