Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea Meaning

The medical name for period discomfort, often known as menstrual cramps, is dysmenorrhea. It is one of the most typical gynecological symptoms among young women. It has a detrimental effect on academic performance and daily activities and has been linked to temporary absenteeism from school. More than half of menstruating women have pain for one to two days each month and look for dysmenorrhea treatment. Pain is typically relatively minor. However, the discomfort is so bad for other women that it prevents them from carrying out their regular activities for a few days each month.

Dysmenorrhea Types:-

1. Primary Dysmenorrhea

   Primary dysmenorrhea describes recurrent menstrual cramps not brought on by another illness. The pain typically starts one or two days before your menstruation or when the bleeding begins. In the lower abdomen, back, or thighs, you could have discomfort that ranges from mild to severe.

   Pain may linger for 12 to 72 hours, and you may also have additional symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, exhaustion, or diarrhoea. If you have a baby, your regular menstrual pains may stop or lessen as you age.

2. Secondary Dysmenorrhea

   Secondary dysmenorrhea is the medical term for painful periods brought on by a condition or infection in the female reproductive system. In contrast to usual cramping, secondary dysmenorrhea pain appears earlier in the menstrual cycle and lasts longer. However, you usually don't feel sick, throw up, tired, or have diarrhea.

Causes

When the uterus contracts due to prostaglandin, it causes menstrual pains (tighten up). During your menstrual cycle, the uterus contracts harder. When the uterus contracts too hard, it may press against adjacent blood arteries, preventing the muscular tissue from receiving oxygen. When a muscle loses its oxygen supply for a limited time, discomfort is experienced.

A chemical imbalance in the body causes abnormal uterine contractions in women with primary dysmenorrhea. For instance, prostaglandin, a molecule that regulates uterine contractions.

The most common medical issue that causes secondary dysmenorrhea is endometriosis. Endometrial tissue implants outside the uterus in this syndrome. Internal bleeding, infection, and pelvic pain are all common effects of endometriosis.

Dysmenorrhea Symptoms

The few most common dysmenorrhea symptoms are:-

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Fainting
• Headaches
• Lower abdomen pain
• Lower back pain
• Cramps in the lower abdomen

Risk factors

• Women who are obese
• Smoking among women
• Women who have never given birth
• Alcohol consumption by women during their periods
• Women who began having menstruation before turning 11

How can this be diagnosed?

The following tests can be done for the diagnosis:-

• Ultrasound
• Laparoscopy
• Hysteroscopy
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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