What is IBS?
The widespread ailment known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterised by discomfort in the abdomen accompanied by irregular bowel movements. The condition can be classified as a type of functional GI (gastrointestinal) disorder. Functional gastrointestinal illnesses, now known as disorders of gut-brain interactions, are associated with issues in establishing links between the gut and the brain. These issues can affect the manner in which the colon's muscles contract, increasing the sensitivity of your digestive tract. Symptoms such as pain & bloating in the belly may be more common if your gut is more sensitive. Additionally, changes in the contraction of the muscles in your intestines can cause constipation, diarrhea, or both.
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Symptoms
The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include variations in bowel movements, which can be either constipation or, diarrhea, or both, and recurrent abdominal pain. These ibs symptoms are present in people with irritable bowel syndrome even when there are no noticeable signs of digestive system illness or injury. A significant number of people who have this condition experience gas and bloating in their belly. Chronic pain and frequent bowel movements can make daily living more difficult. Women are more likely to have these symptoms during their menstrual cycle.
IBS Causes
The condition can arise due to the following causes:
Digestive Infections: Bacterial and parasitic infections in the intestines, including conditions like gastroenteritis. These infections disrupt normal intestinal function, causing inflammation and irregular gut movements, possibly leading to irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.
Bacterial-Overgrowth: SIBO - Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a health issue where there is too much bacteria in the small intestine. This problem is often seen in people who have this condition.
Food Intolerances: FODMAPs are carbohydrates found in certain dairy products, nuts, meat, sauces, grains, and vegetables that are difficult for the body to absorb. Excessive consumption of FODMAPs can trigger irritable bowel syndrome and its symptoms.
Muscle Contractions: The muscles present in the intestines contract as food moves via the digestive system. If these contractions are more than required or last longer than normal, they can lead to gas, bloating, and diarrhea.
Gut Motility Abnormalities: People with this condition usually experience abnormal intestinal contractions and movements, which can result in symptoms like bloating, stomach pain, and irregular bowel movements.
Hypersensitivity: Some individuals who have this disease are more susceptible to stomach pain and discomfort due to a more sensitive gut.
Inflammation: The symptoms may be aggravated by low-grade intestinal inflammation.
Imbalance of gut bacteria: An imbalance of gut bacteria, called dysbiosis, may play a role in developing the condition.
Anxiety and Stress: These two factors could potentially be contributing to the onset of IBS and can worsen its symptoms.
Hormonal Changes: The symptoms are sometimes increased by hormonal changes experienced during menstruation, menopause, or pregnancy and affect bowel movements.
Genetic Predisposition: The condition may have a genetic basis and may run in families.
Statistics
About 10% to 12% of patients visit primary healthcare facilities for help with IBS-related symptoms. According to studies, ten to fifteen per cent of people have irritable bowel syndrome, yet most of these people choose not to seek medical attention. While men are more likely to encounter diarrhea, women are more likely to develop symptoms like constipation and stomach discomfort from IBS. It can also be divided into more specific diagnoses, such as irritable bowel syndrome with mixed bowel patterns (IBS-M), IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), and IBS with constipation (IBS-C), explained below.
Types
- IBS with Constipation (IBS-C)
In this, loose or watery stools occur much fewer times than 25% of the time, while hard or lumpy stools occur at least 25% of the time. Frequent bowel movements, straining, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation are common IBS-C symptoms. This type may result in stomach aches and bloating that remain for a few days. Natural remedies for ibs, like increasing dietary fiber intake, which helps in regulating bowel movements, along with homeopathic medications intended to relieve constipation while improving overall bowel function, are common strategies for managing irritable bowel syndrome type C.
- IBS with Diarrhoea (IBS-D)
The most significant sign is frequent loose or watery stools that occur at least 20% to 25% of the times, while hard or lumpy stools occur more rarely than 25%. A sudden and extreme need to have a bowel movement is common in people with IBS-D type, which can be difficult to manage and significantly interfere with day-to-day activities. Being away from a bathroom might cause an enormous amount of anxiety because of this urgency. Anti-diarrheal homeopathic ibs d medication to lessen the frequency of bowel movements, dietary adjustments to steer clear of trigger foods, and probiotics to support the balance of the gut flora and ease symptoms are usually part of an effective treatment for the IBS-D type.
- IBS with Mixed Bowel Habits (IBS-M)
Having both loose or watery stools and hard or lumpy stools at least 25% of the time is a sign of IBS with Mixed Bowel Habits (IBS-M). The alternating episodes of diarrhea and constipation associated with this form of IBS stool can be unbearable and difficult to control. People with IBS-M often experience stomach pain, bloating, and stress due to the unpredictability of the symptoms. Treating the condition can be difficult because stool consistency changes often. In order to treat the physical and emotional aspects of IBS-M, effective therapeutic strategies include dietary changes, tailored medicines, and stress management techniques.
Other few types
- Functional Dyspepsia-IBS
There has been continuous and universal reporting of a significant rate of overlap between irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. Frequent pathophysiological abnormalities, such as delayed stomach emptying and visceral hypersensitivity affecting multiple regions, indicate that these patients have a widespread intestinal problem rather than a regional one.
- Post-infectious IBS
Infectious gastroenteritis, sometimes referred to as food poisoning, is a prevalent cause of IBS. Post-infectious IBS is the name given to this subtype. In patients with PI-IBS, gastrointestinal symptoms persist long after the illness is over.
Triggers
- Food: Some foods, including broccoli, cabbage, beans, and soft drinks may trigger the symptoms
- Stress: The symptoms can worsen due to stressful conditions or occurrences.
- Hormonal Changes: The symptoms can be caused due to hormonal changes that affect digestion.
- Infections: Infection with food is one example of an intestinal infection that can cause disease-related symptoms.
Risk Factors
- Family History: The likelihood of developing IBS is increased if there is a family history of the disorder.
- Age: Although it can happen at any age, IBS usually develops first in young adulthood.
- Sex: In comparison to males, women are more likely to have this condition.
- Other Medical Conditions: A number of diseases, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease, may increase the chance of developing the condition.
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